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The use of low-carbon (mild) steel was guided mostly by the desire to reuse some industrial equipment that was manufacturing the 7.62×25mm Tokarev cartridge rather than by bullet fragmentation considerations. In order to preserve the total length of the cartridge, the case sleeve was shortened to 38.7 mm (and by rounding it is customarily referred to as 7.62x39.) Additionally, the new bullet had a core made of low-carbon steel wrapped in lead. The maximum radius was now attained at some 15.95 mm from the tip and the overall length of the bullet increased to 26.8 mm. In order to maintain the overall mass of the bullet, after adding the boat tail, the ogival head section of the bullet was lengthened as well, making the bullet more streamlined overall. However, further testing showed that the boat tail improved accuracy even at shorter ranges, where the bullet was still supersonic. Initially, the boat tail had been omitted because the Soviet designers had assumed (incorrectly) that it would only make a difference at long ranges, when the bullet became subsonic, and the accuracy of the intermediate cartridge at these ranges was considered inconsequential. Īfter more detailed testing results became available, starting in 1944 the cartridge was tweaked in order to improve its accuracy and penetration.
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After some further refinements, a pilot production series of this cartridge began in March 1944. This bullet has a somewhat stubbier appearance than later 7.62x39 bullets, with its maximal radius being attained after only 13.01 mm from its tip, and it was lacking a boat tail.
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The bullet it contained was 22.8 mm long and had a core made entirely of lead. This cartridge actually had a case length of 41 mm, so it is sometimes referred to as the 7.62x41. Ī first variant of the new cartridge was officially adopted for service after completing range trials in December 1943 it was given the GAU index 57-N-231. Most of the development work on the new cartridge took place at OKB-44, which was soon thereafter renamed as NII-44, and which in 1949 was merged with NII-61, itself merged with TsNIITochmash in 1966. About 314 cartridge designs were considered theoretically, before narrowing the selection down to 8 models that were physically constructed and tested. Elizarov collaborated closely with some leading weapons designers, including Fedorov, Tokarev, Simonov, and Shpagin. The job of designing the Soviet intermediate cartridge was assigned to a committee led by chief designer NM Elizarov (Н.М. The Soviet planners also decided at this meeting that their new cartridge be used in a whole range of infantry weapons, including a semi-automatic carbine, a selective fire (assault) rifle, and a light machine gun. On July 15, 1943, the People's Commissariat for Armaments (Техсовета Наркомата Вооружения) met to discuss the introduction of a Soviet intermediate cartridge after a German Mkb 42(H) had been captured and an M1 carbine exemplar had been made available to the Soviets by the US. Oblique view of a steel-cased 7.62×39mm FMJ cartridge. 4 Basic specifications of 21st century Russian service loads.It was replaced in Russian service by the 5.45×39mm cartridge, which is used by the current issue AK-74 and variants. The cartridge remained the Soviet standard until the 1970s, and is still one of the most common intermediate rifle cartridges used around the world. Shortly after the war, the world's most recognized military pattern rifle was designed for this cartridge: the AK-47. The 7.62×39mm cartridge was influenced by a variety of foreign developments, including the German Mkb 42(H) and the US M1 carbine. 7.62×39mm ammunition is purportedly tested to function well in temperatures ranging from −50 ☌ (−58 ☏) to 50 ☌ (122 ☏) cementing its usefulness in extremely cold polar or hot desert conditions. Due to the worldwide proliferation of the SKS and AK-47 pattern rifles, the cartridge is utilized by both militaries and civilians alike. It was first used in the RPD machine gun. The 7.62×39mm round is a rifle cartridge of Soviet origin that was designed during World War II. Source(s): Wolf Ammo Sellier & Bellot RBCD
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Soviet Union, former Warsaw Pact, People's Republic of China, Cambodia, North Korea, Vietnam, Finland, Venezuela, many othersħ.26 g (112 gr) Blended Metal Technology Spire Point Lateral view of a steel-cased 7.62×39mm FMJ cartridge.